Processes for the Classification of Organisms

Procedures for the Classification of Organisms Characterization of living beings is the way toward distinguishing, naming and arranging life forms in gatherings, in light of their practically identical hereditary structure, comparable qualities, similar to advancement, certain development prerequisites or that are found in just explicit areas. Characterization resembles a short hand for researchers to improve comprehension of practices, lives and the transformative development of billions of living things. Grouping likewise permits correspondence between individuals with respect to living creatures. Arrangement of numerous species, old and new, keeps on being wildly questioned as researchers find new data or decipher realities in various manners. Contentions between experts in the field are horrendous and because of new advancements in some cases species do change names, yet simply after a plenitude of data has been accumulated to help such a huge change.  â Since the beginning we have gone from having initially just two realms, to three, at that point four, five and now right now six. It is a continually advancing procedure and because of the consistent improvement of new advances, for example, DNA testing, electron magnifying instruments and sub-atomic sequencing there will more likely than not be more realms so as to come (Lee and Bishop 2010). The characterization framework was brought into the world through crafted by the old Greek thinker and researcher Aristotle (384-322 BC). Aristotle had the foreknowledge to record the distinctions he noted between objects that gave off an impression of being living into two separate classifications: plants and creatures. Plants were seen to be principally green in shading and were fixed and as such it appeared they should make their own food, while creatures were portable and could hence move around and discover food (Lee and Bishop 2010). In the eighteenth century, Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus refined the current arrangement of Aristotle and distributed another technique for grouping living things which has advanced into the cutting edge order framework. (Science Hub, got to 18/2/2017) Linnaeus was the principal researcher to build up a hierarchal naming structure that passed on data both about what the species what else it me be family members to through family gathering. Linnaeus framework had the option to convey the mind boggling connections between living beings to researchers worldwide and is the reason it was so generally acknowledged. Essentially to Aristotle, Linnaeus additionally recognized the contrasts between the two living gatherings and received the term Kingdoms to portray them. In the late 1670s a researcher named Van Leeuwenhoek found bacterial cells with the primary magnifying lens (Lee and Bishop, 2010). As researchers started utilizing the magnifying lens they had the option to now assess single-celled life forms that had been beforehand obscure. These single cell living beings were delegated either plants or creatures relying upon the characteristics they were found to have. Some single celled living beings distinguished were microscopic organisms which where named creatures. Other single-celled life forms that seemed to make their own food were delegated plants. Single cell protozoa were recognized and among the properties of protozoa it was distinguished that could proceed onward their own, accordingly, they were delegated creatures. As increasingly single-celled living beings were recognized, many would not fit effectively into either the plant or the set of all animals as some had characteristics of the two plants and creatures. Thus, researchers c ouldn't concur on the best way to characterize them. To address this issue, in 1866, scholar Ernst Haeckel made a third realm for all single-celled living beings. This third Kingdom he named Protista (Burton and Engelkirk, 2000). In 1892 two researchers Beijerinck and Ivanoski additionally found the first infections. Infections anyway were excluded from the arrangement framework since they are not living cells (Lee and Bishop, 2010). Haeckels Protist Kingdom spoke to the entirety of the known single-celled life forms, including the two microorganisms and protozoa. Anyway it wasnt until the 1900s with the refinement of magnifying lens innovation that researchers found that microbes were different from both plant and creature cells yet additionally protozoa. The bacterial cell doesn't contain a core, rather its DNA is situated in the cytoplasm of the cell. Figures 1 and 2 show the contrasts between a bacterial cell with no core and a creature cell which contains a core (Modern Classification Systems got to 20/2/2017). During the 1920s, microbiologist Edouard Chatton gave microorganisms the name prokaryotes. He portrayed a prokaryote as a living being whose cells were without cores. He gave the name eukaryotes to every single other living being (Caprette, gotten to 7/2/2017). Chatton recommended setting prokaryotes and eukaryotes in another taxon over the realm, called the Superkingdom. Be that as it may, this thought didn't get well known, and most scholars kept on placing microbes in the protist realm. Throughout the following quite a few years, researchers became familiar with the enormous number and assortment of microorganisms, for example, microscopic organisms. They thought about a requirement for an unmistakable microorganisms realm. By 1956, scientist Herbert Copeland recommended setting microscopic organisms in another realm called Monera. With the expansion of the Monera realm, the Linnaean scientific classification changed over to a four-realm framework. The following enormous improvement in the realm arrangement structure came during the 1960s. Robert Whittaker, an environmentalist, intended to add a fifth realm to the Linnaean scientific classification to speak to parasites. Up until this time organisms had been classified into the plant realm. Whittaker isolated parasites from plants on the premise that growths don't make their own food however gain supplements by separating dead living beings. He likewise proposed Kingdom Prokaryotae (as an extra to Monera) to incorporate the entirety of the prokaryotes, which were totally viewed as microbes (Freedman, 2006). By the 1970s, researchers had started to group creatures in manners that reflected developmental connections. (Lewis, got to 21/2/2017) They had likewise begun utilizing nucleic corrosive base game plans to distinguish these connections. These living beings are little to the point that they have constrained physical characteristics anyway nucleic corrosive grouping information are helpful for contemplating microbes. Assessment of bacterial nucleic corrosive arrangements has exhibited that microscopic organisms incorporate two separate gatherings of creatures. Utilizing hereditary qualities to look into the changed microorganisms Carl Woese, a microbiologist, proposed there were both genuine microscopic organisms and old microorganisms. The two distinct sorts of microorganisms were found to have various methods of making vitality. In contrast to genuine microbes, antiquated microscopic organisms get vitality from a wide assortment of unordinary sources, for example, hydrogen, metal particles and smelling salts, and their cell layers have an alternate structure, with ether-connected fats rather than the ester-connected fats found in the layers of genuine microorganisms. (Burton, Engelkirk Paul, 2000) and the antiquated microorganisms could likewise bear serious conditions and temperatures. The two gatherings were called Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. The two Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are in th e prokaryotic realm (Bird et al. 2014). Anyway maybe in time their grouping will expand into two separate realms. The procedure of order itself is continually developing and is always under development, with the revelation of new life forms constantly; which perpetually prompts increasingly scientific categorizations being made. At the point when new life forms are found they may not fit into a particular gathering, along these lines another gathering may should be made. The disclosure of the valid and old microscopic organisms lead the inquiry that as new revelations are made with propelling DNA, and sub-atomic sequencing innovation there will more likely than not be the arrangement of a 6th Kingdom as well as a few additional Kingdoms later on. Reference index History of Taxonomy Ricky, Lewisâ http://www.biologyreference.com/Ta-Va/Taxonomy-History-of.html Last Accessed Tuesday 21 February 2017â Present day Classification Systems CK-12s High School Biology textbookâ https://opencurriculum.org/5366/current grouping frameworks/ Last Accessed Monday twentieth February 2017 Force point SCB61 Biodiversity and Connectedness Trinity Christian School Last Accessed Friday tenth February 2017 Exploratory Biosciences, Resources for early on halfway level research center courses. David R. Caprette, Rice University.â http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/contemplates/spineless creatures/kingdoms.html Last Accessed 7 February 27, 2017 The six Kingdoms,â http://www.ric.edu/staff/ptiskus/six_kingdoms/ Last Accessed 7 February 2017 The Applications and Limitations of Taxonomy (In order of living beings) A collection of Current Thought. Published 2006, Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. Copyright 2006. First Edition. Edited by Jeri Freedman. Nelson Biology Units 1 2 For the Australian Curriculum. First Edition Bird Stephen, Borger Pam, Evergreen Merrin, Martin Genevieve, Pappas Xenia, Walker Katrina, Woolnough Jim, Wright Jane, Published by Nelson, 2014. Microbiology for the Health Sciences, Sixth Edition Burton R.W G, Engelkirk G. Paul. Published by Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2000. Microbiology and contamination control for wellbeing experts. Fourth Edition.Lee Gary, Bishop Penny Published by Pearson Publishing, 2010. Science learning center point Classification System. The college of Waikato https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/assets/1438-arrangement framework Carl Woese, a microbiologist, proposed there were both genuine microorganisms and antiquated microscopic organisms Last Accessed 18 February 2017

3g networks

â€Å"Knock , Knock. Who's There? It's the Papparzzi† In 1960 Federico Fellini coordinated a film intitled â€Å"La Dole Vlta†. In the film on-screen character Walter Santesso plays a news picture taker named ‘Paparazzo'. Little did any of them know the term ‘paparazzo' would be a staple in family units and news lines all over. In the present occasions the paparazzi are viewed as rutheless picture takers who will successfully get a preview of a big name or athelete. Regardless of whether it be them leaving practice or a film set, going out to clubs around evening time, shopping for food, or in any event, strolling their children to school.Some say paparazzi are down right (pardon my french) butt heads. Remaining in line at the market or strolling down the roads in certain urban areas, we see magazines or tabloids that have celebrites faces put on them in once in a while opposing circumstances. We never wonder how the photos got taken or what lengths it took to get such a stunning or now and again ghastly shot. In June of 2005, at that point multi year old Lindsay Lohan's vehicle was hit by picture taker Galo Cesar Ramirez who was attempting to follow her. In a meeting she said â€Å"A line should be attracted terms of getting rough. † She at that point Joined different celebs includingCameron Diaz and Justin Timberlake in attempting to forestall the â€Å"pap† from attacking their own space. In a few cases the paparazzi guarantee the First Amendment, which disallows the creation of any law shortening the ability to speak freely, encroaching on the opportunity of the press, or meddling with the option to quietly collect. It is difficult for a big name to not appear to be a hyprocrite when requesting the paparazzi to disregard them. When deserting your â€Å"normal† life to participate in the extravagant yet hazardous existence of being well known, there are a few things that accompanies the erritory.

How Frequent Should You Update Your Blog

How Frequent Should You Update Your Blog Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How Frequent Should You Update Your Blog?Updated On 17/04/2017Author : Alicia ATopic : Blogging FeaturedShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozhaJu CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThere is no right or wrong answer for this question. It is difficult to give a solid answer because the topic is very broad and subjective. Nevertheless, this article will try to explain the answer from several perspectives of update frequency for general, new blogs and blogs which focuses on SEO.Posting frequencyPosting entries daily is not practiced by many bloggers because finding ideas and materials to blog about is not easy. That is the reason why new bloggers are encouraged to consider their niche carefully before starting a blog.The frequency of updates depends on what you are doing with your blog. People are different when it comes to varying time constraints and writing abilities. Updating a t least once a week should be sufficient for small general blogs. If you go less than that, it would be hard to maintain your readers interest. However, it is different, for example, if you run a news or technology blog. It would be good to post new contents on a daily basis or even several times a day for the blog to garner the interest desired.Update frequency for new vs. not-so-new blogsA new blog should be updated daily. Some people argue that the frequency of posting does not matter but this does not apply for new blogs. Your blog is your house in cyberspace. Imagine your new blog as a new unfurnished house in the real world. What do you see inside? Empty. Go get a few things and fill it so that people can call it a house. Posts and articles are the furniture for your blog so that visitors will call it a blog. Start with a few posts in the first week and increase the number in the following week.How about blogs which are not so new anymore? First, you must understand the patter n of visitor arrivals on your blog. They come on the first day and if you are lucky, you will get them hooked and they will come to check out whats new on the following days. Their visits are becoming a habit now. But what if the day comes when they dont see new post and there is none the next day and the many more days to come. The readers will lost interest and would seldom visit your blog now. They might even probably stop visiting altogether.However, things can turn out differently despite your infrequent updates. Youve definitely heard of this Quality is better than quantity. This is true in blogging. Some people cannot update very frequently due to other commitments in life. This does not mean that they have forgotten; they are probably in the midst of cooking up an info-packed post. If you post anything of good quality that your readers are looking for, you will get traffic as high as the pro bloggers even if you dont update very often.READThe Simple Secret Behind Writing Vi ral Blog PostsUpdate frequency for SEO blogsRunning a blog to generate income is different from having a blog as a hobby. What about a full-time blogger who makes a living from blogging? Some people say two or three times per week should be sufficient but a daily update is the best.How frequent should SEO blogs update their content? Content is the king in SEO campaigns. Updating your blog is vital to bring new traffic and to increase your ranking in search engines. When you update your blog with new contents, you will reap more SEO benefits by having more of your pages indexed by the search engines. Search engines function to bring people for new information and as such, you will get better results from the search engines if you add fresh contents more frequently.What if I cant update on a daily basis? Whenever you have time, write blog posts and articles in advance and schedule your post. Some other ways are to open up your blog to guest posting or hire someone to do it for you. Wh ichever method you choose, bear in mind that quality must always come before quantity!Update consistencyConsistency in updating is also very important. If you are serious about blogging, one quality post per day should be good enough. Many of us are attached to other commitments such as work and family, therefore publishing new entries three or four times a week should be good also. However, make sure your frequency is consistent. If you update once a week, it is best to update on the same day each week too. Just dont go missing the following week and come back again after a month.This article is written by Alicia. She is a web designer and developer. Loves WordPress themes and plugins. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

The Age Of Jackson And Jacksonian Democracy - 1140 Words

A. The usual labels The Age of Jackson and Jacksonian Democracy analyze Andrew Jackson with the age in which he lived and with the improvement of political democracy. This esteem may amplify his importance, but it also endorses the important truth that Jackson extremely contributed to building the American nation and its politics. Just as contemporaneous artists so regularly characterized him astride his horse overlooking the battlefield, Jackson bestride some of the key streams of nineteenth-century American political life. Jackson gotten some precise education at district academies and schools, and following the Revolution, he left the Waxhaw community to review law with two outstanding members of the North Carolina bar. In the 1780s, after discovering few legal work in North Carolina, he emigrated to Tennessee, where he displayed the good sense to classify himself with the Blount Overton faction, a group of outstanding men bound together by politics, land conjecture, and, progress ively, financial and banking interests. Military positions also came Jackson s way, and he constantly advanced from his appointment as judge defender for the Davidson County militia in 1792 to be elected dominant general of the Tennessee militia a decade later. Further, there were few clear-cut affair dividing the applicant. Instead, popular attention was apprehended by a host of defamatory charges that pulled the contest down to the level of mud-slinging. Rachel, for example, was implicatedShow MoreRelatedJacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesKathy Dai M. Galvin AP USH Period 1 Jacksonian Democracy DBQ The Jacksonian democracy of the 1820s-1830s is often associated with an expansion of the political influence, economic opportunities, and social equality available to â€Å"the common man,† a concept of the masses which President Andrew Jackson and his newly founded Democratic party came to represent. The new administration certainly saw gains for the majority; namely, public participation in government increased to unprecedentedRead MoreJeffersonian Republicanism vs. Jacksonian Democracy1441 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson were two influential political figures in two very different eras, ranging from 1800-1808 and 1808-1840 respectively, that established two very different political philosophies. Each formed their own system that helped shape the way people think about American government. Liberalism is a political philosophy that goes against the established status quo at the time in order for change, where as a conservative is one which adhe res to principles established by thatRead MoreAccelerated US History911 Words   |  4 PagesAccelerated US History I In the Presidential Election of 1824, Andrew Jackson – the â€Å"people’s choice† – lost the ballot by way of a â€Å"corrupt bargain† in the House of Representatives. Four years later and with the backing of a larger political following, Jackson became president, campaigning to the middle class and offering the opportunities of a benevolent democracy. Jackson’s supporters, the Jacksonians, were as diverse as they were numerous; northern farmers, southern and western yeomen, andRead MoreThe Evolution Of Democracy In The Early Republic. The Evolution1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Evolution of Democracy in the Early Republic The evolution of democracy from the time of President Thomas Jefferson to President Andrew Jackson can be depicted as a minimal change in conceptually agrarian viewpoints and strong supporters of equality for the common man. While the two men essentially shared many of the same beliefs and ideas, there was a noticeable difference to how they acted on them and spoke out about them. As the nation s third president, Jefferson organized the national governmentRead MoreJacksonian Dbq Essays1637 Words   |  7 PagesJacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. However, the Jacksonian Democrats were in a catch 22. In order for them to protect the interests of the common man, they at times had to violate the very things for which they stood. By doing this, the Jacksonian Democrats stressed the importance of the power of the common man, at times by violating their own principles. TheRead MoreAndrew Jackson And The Influence Of The Jacksonian Democracy1259 Words   |  6 Pagesof the politician Andrew Jackson. The Democrats believed in a limited federal government and supported giving more power to the states. The economic monopolies in the East concerned the Democrats, they wanted equal opportunity for white males in the South and West. By the presidential election in 1828, new amendments to voting qualifications allowed more white males to vote. With support from this new population of voters, Jackson swept the election, dawning the Jacksonian Era that lasted until theRead MoreJacksonian Democracy1151 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? Andrew Jackson began a whole new era in American history. Amongst his greatest accomplishments were evoking the common man to be interested in government and tailoringRead MoreThe Importance Of Jacksonian Democracy722 Words   |  3 PagesAndrew Jackson, war hero, man of the people, and seventh president of the United States of America led the Jacksonian Democrats; this political group was formed antebellum America. The democrats tried to aggrandize the puissance of lower classes, Americans that did not have as many opportunities unlike the aristocracy. While decreasing the clout of the rich and potent. Economically, they achieved benefits from governing during a period where huge advances in transportation, which ultimately acceleratedRead MoreInequality : Andrew Jackson Won The Presidential Election950 Words   |  4 PagesInequality Andrew Jackson won the presidential election in 1828 to the horror of Thomas Jefferson, who said, â€Å"He is one of the most unfit men I know† (George Brown Tindall 431). Jackson was a very popular general who marched to the tune of his own drum (George Brown Tindall 443). â€Å"I was born for a storm,’ the fearless Jackson boasted; ‘a calm dose not suit me† (George Brown Tindall 442). His two terms in office was called the age of the common man. However, the Jacksonian democracy was actually theRead MoreEssay on Jacksonian Democracy1049 Words   |  5 PagesJacksonian Democracy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andrew Jackson began a whole new era in American history. Amongst his greatest accomplishments were evoking the common man to be interested in government and tailoring democracy to satisfy the same common man’s needs. Of course, Jackson could not go about making such radical changes without supporters, but that never surfaced as a problem. Jacksonian Democrats, as they came to be called, were great in number during the 1820’s and 1830’s. They advocated all of the

Documentary Photography in America - 1756 Words

While the pictoralism movement dominated photography for majority of the eighteenth century, by the 1880’s another group of photographers were ready to captivate the world with a new medium of photography. This medium was meant to not only convey information, but to also awake public conscience to injustices around the world. This medium is what is known as documentary photography. In America, documentary photographers captured images ranging from poverty, unemployment, and hungry families. In The History of Photography, art historian and author Beaumont Newhall claims that, â€Å"The importance of these photographs lies in their power not only to inform us, to move us. They are at once interpretations and records; although they are no longer topical, they contain qualities which will last long as man is concerned with his brother.†1 Documentary photography not only poses as a record of recent universal events but also as valuable evidence of societal issues for centuri es to come. Jacob Riis was one of the first documentary photographers to become directly involved in the American social reform movement. Riis was a New York police reporter whose photos showcased ghastly poverty in the Lower East Side. Immigrant families lived in the slums and usually crammed ten to fifteen people in tenement houses. At the time Riis took these photographs, there was a shocking lack of New York laws regarding housing conditions. The tenements resembled barracks, there was no running water, stovesShow MoreRelatedHistory of Photography: Annotated Bibliography1047 Words   |  4 PagesBibliography on the History of Photography Baker, George. Photographys Expanded Field. October, Vol. 114, 120 140, 2005 This piece describes the current manifestations of photography are. This piece calls photographys expanded space, the screen. Photographys expanded space is the screen for a few reasons. One of which is that a great deal of the media of choice consumed in vast quantities around the world come photography. Cinema is a direct descendant photography, as it is a series of stillRead MoreDorothea Lange And The Farm Security Agency Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment, the photography project spanned several government agencies, from the Resettlement Administration, the Farm Security Administration, and the Office of War Information. Although the photographic program of the Farm Security Administration was initially aimed at supporting the New Deal, the images produced had far more reaching sociological and cultural impacts, all the while redefining the art of photography. Ever since the camera was invented in 1839, the very nature of photography has beenRead MoreThe Effects Of Film Photography On The World1872 Words   |  8 Pagesphotojournalism which is quick coverage of breaking news and events, Documentary photography focuses on a story or event in depth over a period of time. Visual storytelling has the power to capture the public’s attention, highlight pressing issues and expose ignored realities. Early documentary photography was mostly used to bring about social reform. For example, Lewis Hines photographs played a role in passing the child labour law in America. Walker Evans and Dorothea Lange created photographs, which wereRead MoreWalker Evans-FSA Photography1074 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"introduce America to America† and showcase â€Å"the reality of its own time and place in history† says Stryker, the leader of the FSA movement.2 Evans produced images that revealed Americas’ despair in the depression, but al so the hope for the future. In the photograph â€Å"Alabama Cotton Tenant Farmer Family†, Evans portrays an American farming family during the Great Depression. (Walker Evans, Alabama Cotton Tenant Farmer Family, 1941) Though many would view this photograph as a social documentary photographRead MoreLeadership, Policy, And Change : Beyond The Darkroom : Documentary Photography As A Tool For Social Change2001 Words   |  9 PagesPolicy, and Change Beyond the Darkroom: Documentary Photography as a Tool for Social Change Can one series of photos make a difference? While many may doubt the power of a group of images possess to engender social change, thousands of social movements, federal policies, and personal revolutions have begun with and been supported by the click of a shutter. From the Great Depression-era of the 1920s to the modern day Black Lives Matter movement, photography has been used strategically by both theRead MoreThe Lifestyle Of A Documentary Photographer : Research Project2638 Words   |  11 PagesLifestyle of a Documentary Photographer: Research Project This paper will help give insights to those that don’t know photography so they can hear from an artist perspective about the most significant aspect of photography which is documentary photography. When you think about photography, most think of landscape, commercial, and fine arts photography. But they fail to know that with photography it takes documenting the things captured for those other particular aspects of photography. In additionRead MoreMathew Brady: The Father of Photojournalism Essay869 Words   |  4 Pages(inventor of the â€Å"Daguerreotype,† a method of photography that the image is developed straight onto a metal coated surface), in which he had met while under the study of Morse, Brady took up his interest in photography in the year of 1839, while only seventeen years of age. Brady took what he had learned from these two talented and intellectual men to America where he furthered his interest in the then-growing art of photography. Upon his arrival in America, Brady had opened a gallery of Mr. Daguerre’sRead MoreShould Photojournalism or Documentary Photography Be Considred Art?2290 Words   |  10 Pagesexpressed this sentiment, summarizing the role photography had on America in the 1940’s and 50’s. During this era, photojournalism climaxed, causing photographers to join the bandwagon or react against it. The question of whether photography can be art was settled a long time ago. Most major museums now have photography departments, and the photographs procure pretty hefty prices. The question of whether photojournalism or documentary photography can be art is now the question at hand. Art collectorsRead MoreThe Great Depression And Harsh Weather Conditions During The 1930 S1453 Words   |  6 Pagespeople across the country the conditions that the working women and children had to experience. I felt overcome with sadness and empathy after I saw the photo for the first time. After looking more intently at the photo, I became angered because America and its citizens forced each other to live in such grim conditions. The photo depicts a single woman taking care of three children without any assistance. While looking at the image, I was briefly reminded of when I saw a hungry homeless person beggingRead MoreAnalysis Of Jim Goldbergs Rich And Poor 1600 Words   |  7 Pagesbattle to get by. At first, Goldberg s methodology moves between the formal representation and the witnessed preview, however turns out to be by and large more formal – and the torment less apparent – when he enters the other nation that is rich America. Here, the concerns of the sitters tend towards the individualistic. In accordance of Goldberg (2013), Goldberg has connected the system to a few books, the two most unmistakable being Rich and Poor which compares a wealthy reality with those

The Conquests Of Alexander The Great - 1341 Words

Introduction The conquests of Alexander the Great ushered in a new era in the political and cultural history of the Near East. In their wake, both the Jews of Judaea and their brethren in a rapidly expanding diaspora were subjected to radical forces of social and cultural change. These changes, effected by the introduction of Greek culture into the lands of the Near East that led to the emergence of the phenomenon commonly known as Hellenism, greatly transcended the purely political vicissitudes that were destined to envelop this part of the inhabited world. One of the striking features of Second Temple history is the fact that most Jews, not only in the Diaspora but in Palestine as well, never experienced complete Jewish sovereignty. The†¦show more content†¦A Jewish diaspora was already in existence from the late seventh century: Jews had been deported to the Babylonian area at least as early as 597, and Jeremiah 52 speaks of two more deportations, in 587/586 and about 582 BCE. As for Egypt, at least one colony existed ay Elephantine, probably from the seventh century. This continued, with Jews emigrating or being forcibly taken to Egypt in the period of the Diadochi. The result is that by the early Hellenistic period a considerable Jewish diaspora existed, with Jews living in Egypt and Mesopotamia and later in Asia Minor, as well as Syria and Palestine. The people bore the name of ‘Jews’ (Greek) after their ancestral homeland of Judah. The Ptolemaic Period 320 - 198 BC The 40 years of fighting after Alexander’s death finally came to an end with the death of the main protagonists by the year 280 BCE. Much of the third century BCE was dominated by the Syrian wars. These constituted an ongoing conflict between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires over Syro-Palestine. As noted in the previous chapter, the council of visitors after the battle of Ipsus (301 BCE) had awarded this region to Seleucus because Ptolemy had not participated in the battle; however, Ptolemy occupied the area up to the Eleutherus river, north of Tripolis, and refused to concede the territory. In 301 BCE Ptolemy took Palestine once more and this time Egypt retained it for the nextShow MoreRelatedAlexander the Great Conquest848 Words   |  4 Pages Alexander the Greats Distribution of Culture Someone who has abilities above the normal or average person is considered great. In this case, were talking about Alexander the infamous Greek invader. Alexander the Great was a man of conquest and curiosity. By the age of twenty he had already conquered many of his local Grecian city states and had established himself as a leader. His desire to conquer and explore grew as he aged. As he travelled he took along with him the morals and customs ofRead MoreThe Conquests and Legacy of Alexander the Great Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander III of Macedon, more commonly known as Alexander the Great, is one of the most legendary figures in our history and in the history of the world. His conquests and endeavors echoed far and wide, bringing about new eras and ideas to the world. Alexander earned his place in the world’s history and is worthy of the title ‘The Great’ because of his military prowess, his idealism and his legacy. During the course of his life and reign, Alexander had fought and won many battles and wars, defeatingRead MoreAlexander the Great (his relationship with his father; how he came to power; his conquests)1733 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great, king of Macedonia, accomplished much in his lifetime. He added many new lands to his vast empire including Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Sogdiana, and part of India. He became the conqueror of the world he knew. Alexander the Great was the son of Princess Olympias of Epirus (Cinderella) and King Philip II of Macedonia (Popovic). His parents hated each other and had an unstable marriage (Cinderella). Philips relationship with Alexander was also poor. He onceRead MoreAn Accurate Historical Account of Alexander the Great in Flavius Arrianus Xenophons The Campaigns of Alexander704 Words   |  3 PagesFlavius Arrianus Xenophon, also known as Arrian, author of â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† is also well known throughout history for his educational connection with philosopher Epictetus. This book was meant to be Arrian’s master piece; his claim to fame. Arrian created â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† to depict the life and times of Alexander the Great (July 20, 356-June 10, 323 BC). Today Arrian’s â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander,† is considered one of his greatest pieces of work and is recognized historicallyRead MoreAlexander The Great Of The Russian E mpire969 Words   |  4 PagesThere are few topics in history that garner more attention and study than Alexander the Great. Almost everyone in the western world has heard of Alexander in school, books, or in other cultural depictions. However, his effect on the history of the world cannot be overstated. Alexander’s empire had an effect on people from the Balkans to Egypt, and from Babylon to India. His empire resolved the long standing conflict between the Persians and Greeks, established multiple cities across the Middle EastRead MoreAlexander The Great : Alexander The Great And The Persian Empire930 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great was skilled and respected military leader. After inheriting the throne from his father, King Philip II, Alexander would go on to conquer the Persian Empire, unite Greece and spread Hellenistic views across Greece. Alexander being the son of a king was born into royalty. In fact, he had the pleasure of having the great Aristotle as his teacher. It was Aristotle’s job to teach Alexander what he need to know in order to later conquer the Persian Empire and to teach him the importanceRead MoreAlexander the Great 1370 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander was born around 356 B.C. His mother was of royal lineage, as was his father, Philip II. When Alexander was fourteen, he studied under the Athenian philosopher, Aristotle. Perhaps no culture has ever produced a greater mind than Aristotle’s. So searching and profound was Aristotle’s work that in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries A.D. much of the Christian church regarded his teachings as being divinely inspired. No subject was untouched by his contemplation. Philosophy, botany, geographyRead MoreAlexander the Great Summary 16861 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. Even at an early age, Alexander had the promise to become a great leader. Through all his victories and conquests, he has become a great hero and has had a large impact on history. That is why I chose he book Alexander the Great, by J.R. Hamilton for my review. Hamilton does a very good job with the story of Alexander the Great. The bookRead MoreAlexander The Great : The Characters Of Alexander The Great1222 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the beginning of his short-lived life in Pella, the capital of Macedonia, Alexander the Great was immensely affected by the traits of his mother, father, and tutor. Philip II, king of Macedonia and Alexander’s father, was a man of great strategic ability, and gave Alexander practice in military leadership. This experience and knowledge passed down from his father became useful during his conquest across Europe. Olympias, one of Philip II’s wives and Alexander’s mother, had incredibly strongRead MoreHayden Hawkinson . Mrs. Heflin. English 6 - 6. March 2,1143 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 6 - 6 March 2, 2017 Alexander the Great â€Å"I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep; I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion.† Alexander the Great is the smartest and fiercest military leader that has ever lived. His military wisdom and fierceness led him to being a great leader of Greece, conquering all of Asia Minor, conquering the Persian empire, and ruling the biggest empire the world had ever seen before 334 BC. This led him to being a great Greek leader, being a fierce

Advertising and Red Bull free essay sample

What are the red bull’s greatest strength and risks as more companies (like Coca –cola and pepsi, and monster) enter the energy drinks and gain market share? Red bull founded in Austria in 1992 by the Dietrich Mateschitz and he introduced in Hungary. The greatest strength of Red bull is the company introduced only one energy drink in the market from last many years there is no other product of that company and that’s why today red bull sells 4billon cans of energy drinks each year in over 160conutries. In last 20 years red bull has become the energy drink market leader by skillfully connecting with the global youth. Red bull now introduced his other products like red bull energy shots and red bull cola –each sight variations of the original energy drink. Red bull gain the big market share rather the coca-cola and other companies because they set a trend in the market as a single product and by their billon number of sales red bull become a huge brand and that’s why he gain more shares. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising and Red Bull or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question No 2 Should Red bull do more traditional advertising? Why or why not? When red bull start his energy drink product, Red bull has used little traditional advertising and no print, billboards, banner ads or super bowl spots but company runs minimal television ads. The animated spots and tagline â€Å"RED BULL GIVES YOU WINGS† introduced in the tv commercial as nontraditional way, in my opinion red bull should do traditional advertising because the reason big reason behind is the red bull brand name is so famous and they start their energy drink advertising in traditional way and by that they have got big sales and big market share in 160conutries, but if we see now a day’s advertising of other companies that are having very expensive and very nontraditional so red bull have to compete those companies and have to maintain their market value in the world so they have to chose nontraditional advertising style. Question No 3 Discuss the effectiveness of red bull sponsorship, for example Bull stratos. Is this a good use of red bull budget? Where should the company draw the line? The effectiveness of red bull sponsorship is very high because red bull sponsor the lots of sports like foot ball races and snowboarding to suffering and mountain biking, these sports attract the young generation between ages of 16 to 29 years plus red bull also targets the collages students by providing them a free samples cans and T shirts and caps. Bull stratos also very good sponsorship campaign of Red bull where a one man is undertaking to free fall from 120,000 feet or 23 miles high, in my opinion this is a great campaign where red bull promotes his energy drink. Company should draw the line and not to waste more budgets on these sponsor and media campaign because â€Å"media is not a toll that we use to establish the market. It is a critical part. It’s just later in the development.

Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics

Upon reading the framework, it is evident that the major idea of teaching mathematics in California public schools revolves around the development of a balanced instructional program that not only provides students with an enabling environment to become proficient in basic computational and procedural skills, but also to continuously develop conceptual understanding of the mathematical concepts and become proficient in problem solving.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As indicated in the framework, teachers should aim to achieve a balance between these three concepts (proficiency in computational and procedural skills, attainment of conceptual understanding, and proficiency in solving new or perplexing problems) if they expect their students to be competitive in mathematics (California Department of Education, 2006). The concepts are in terrelated; hence teachers must strive to come up with methodologies and strategies to deliver them to mathematics students according to the standards of a particular grade level. As indicated in the framework, â€Å"when students apply basic computational and procedural skills and understandings to solve new or perplexing problems, their basic skills are strengthened, the challenging problems they encounter can become routine, and their conceptual understanding deepens† (California Department of Education, 2006 p.5). Consequently, it is suggested that the major idea of teaching mathematics to students in California public schools entails connecting their skills, conceptual understanding, and problem solving capability to develop a network of mutually reinforcing components in the curriculum that are intrinsically aligned with the standards depending on grade level. Examples of Teaching Strategies From the framework, it is clear that no single strategy of instruction is the b est or most appropriate in all contexts, and that teachers have a wide choice of instructional strategies including â€Å"direct instruction, investigation, classroom discussion and drill, small groups, individualized formats, and hands-on materials (California Department of Education, 2006 p.5). As one of the approaches to teaching, direct instruction is not only skills-oriented but the teaching practices it adopts are essentially teacher-directed.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In teaching algebra and functions to grade six students, for example, a teacher can use small-group, face-to-face instruction to demonstrate to students how to solve linear equations and develop algebraic reasoning at each step of the process by breaking down the instructions into small units, sequencing them deliberately, and teaching them in an explicit manner. Although teachers can use this st rategy to ensure that Grade six students are able to use their computational skills and conceptual understanding to solve problems in algebra through explicit, guided instructions, the strategy nevertheless limits student’s creativity and active exploration. The other teaching strategy is investigation, whereby teachers play an active role in guiding students to identify a topic of interest, explore the current knowledge on the topic, frame the topic into manageable questions, gather appropriate information, analyze and synthesis the information, take action on the findings, and reflect on the outcomes found. This strategy could be used to teach geometry to grade six students as it does not only facilitate an explicit understanding of geometric concepts, including raising students’ levels of geometric thinking, but also motivates students by presenting mathematical topics in an enjoyable and interesting manner that challenges their intellectual development. Reflection Overall, upon reflection, I have learnt that no single method of instruction is the best or most appropriate in all situations, it is important to balance the concepts of computational and procedural skills, conceptual understanding and problem solving capability when teaching mathematics, in mathematics instruction, new skills are developed almost exclusively on previously learned skills, methods of assessing students for mathematics comprehension should be context-specific. These learning outcomes can be implemented in real-life classroom situations by coming up with a well formulated framework that does not necessarily follow a linear order to ensure students benefit from the mathematics lessons taught in class, and also by proactively aligning instruction with assessment. Reference California Department of Education. (2009). Mathematics framework for California public schools: Kindergarten through grade twelve. Retrieved from https://www.cde.ca.gov/Advertising We will wri te a custom critical writing sample on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This critical writing on Major Idea of Teaching Mathematics was written and submitted by user Teagan Cantrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Anesthesiology

Do you know what an anesthesiologist is? My entire life I wanted to enter the medical field. The specific field is anesthesiology. An anesthesiologist is an important physician specialist. As a vital member of the surgical team, the crucial care of the patient during anesthesia is his responsibility. Anesthesiology requires a considerable amount of schooling. Advancements are always being made in the growing field, and I would enjoy the pressure of a high-risk field of work. Believe it or not, school is fun for me, as long as it is something enjoyable. To become an anesthesiologist requires a degree as a medical doctor who administers anesthesia. One must first go to a four-year college as a pre- med student, then attend medical school, and the required intern and externships. This process usually takes four to five years. As the final stage of training, two or three years of residency training in an anesthesiological hospital program is required. All together, approximately 12 years of schooling and training is needed before you can acquire a job. This would be something that I would always enjoy and it would be well worth all the hard work and time. After completing all the rigorous schoolwork and training, I would be able to go out into the world and look for a job. Anesthesiology is a field that is growing and needs more specialized doctors. Advancements are always being made. New techniques and different types of drugs are constantly being discovered. Having an undemanding job where you will not learn anything more than you did in your training would be extremely boring. I always want to be learning new aspects of the field or teaching others about them. Anesthesiology would fit my job expectations perfectly. Since anesthesiology is a demanding career, there must be a reason why everyone is not entering the field. The fact that it is a high-risk job with a lot of dangers and requires your constant attention whil... Free Essays on Anesthesiology Free Essays on Anesthesiology Do you know what an anesthesiologist is? My entire life I wanted to enter the medical field. The specific field is anesthesiology. An anesthesiologist is an important physician specialist. As a vital member of the surgical team, the crucial care of the patient during anesthesia is his responsibility. Anesthesiology requires a considerable amount of schooling. Advancements are always being made in the growing field, and I would enjoy the pressure of a high-risk field of work. Believe it or not, school is fun for me, as long as it is something enjoyable. To become an anesthesiologist requires a degree as a medical doctor who administers anesthesia. One must first go to a four-year college as a pre- med student, then attend medical school, and the required intern and externships. This process usually takes four to five years. As the final stage of training, two or three years of residency training in an anesthesiological hospital program is required. All together, approximately 12 years of schooling and training is needed before you can acquire a job. This would be something that I would always enjoy and it would be well worth all the hard work and time. After completing all the rigorous schoolwork and training, I would be able to go out into the world and look for a job. Anesthesiology is a field that is growing and needs more specialized doctors. Advancements are always being made. New techniques and different types of drugs are constantly being discovered. Having an undemanding job where you will not learn anything more than you did in your training would be extremely boring. I always want to be learning new aspects of the field or teaching others about them. Anesthesiology would fit my job expectations perfectly. Since anesthesiology is a demanding career, there must be a reason why everyone is not entering the field. The fact that it is a high-risk job with a lot of dangers and requires your constant attention whil...

State Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

State Taxation - Essay Example Over this, many counties and municipalities levy their own taxes and that has been found to be as high as 9.9%. Maryland has different slabs of personal Income Tax rates. For top of the bracket income (over $500,000) applicable tax rate is 5.5%. For the income below $150,000 per year, income tax rate is 5.0% and for the income in between $150,000 and $500,000 the income tax rate is 5.25%. State does not charge property tax but counties of Maryland do charge property tax and the rate varies between 1.357$ and $ 5.67 per $100 of assessment. Most of the counties charge close to $2.1 per $100 property valuation (Maryland Taxes, 2012). Pennsylvania levies a 6% state sales tax on goods and services providing exemption to the prescription drugs, clothing, residential heating fuels, textbooks and food items. Local counties such as Philadelphia and Allegheny charge additional 1% of the tax making it total 7%. The state of Pennsylvania does not charge taxes on personal property or real estate; however, local municipalities do charge those taxes only on real estate, land or building. The tax is not charged on other kinds of properties such as cars or inventories (Powell, Albrecht). A minimum sales tax charged in Florida is 6 percent. Besides, state permits each county to charge its own local tax that is applicable over and above state sales tax. Counties in Florida have been found to charge taxes between 6 and 7.5 percents. Florida is costliest among all states on the property tax; however, homestead exemptions up to $50,000 can be availed by Florida residents. Homestead exemptions are available to homeowners who stay in the home as primary residence. Florida does not impose gift tax, inheritance tax or intangible personal property tax on the residents. It is worth noting that while buying home in South Florida, closing cost is also a kind of expense that needs to be considered.

The Theory of Population Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Theory of Population - Assignment Example The term population cohort is even recognized as population pyramid and this concept forwards the notion that a particular population comprises of organisms that are similar in nature and interbreed in a particular area. The theory states that population changes in three different stages including the growth stage in which population experiences an increase as a result of abundant sources for nutrition and low competition for those sources. The second stage is the stability stage in which population growth increases at a stable rate because of the decrease in resources and increase in competition. The third stage is the decline in which the population growth decreases as a result of lack of resources and ultimately the population comes to an end. The term Islam is used to refer to the submission to what the God wills. This means that the believers in the religion of Islam give precedence to the God’s will over their own will in various endeavors of their life including daily activities, believes and ideas. The term Muslim is used to refer to an individual who follows the religion of Islam and is an individual who has surrendered himself to their God called Allah. This means that a Muslim is an individual who has given himself in the hands of God and has allowed God to decide what the individual should and should not do. The religion of Islam is based on five pillars that every Muslim has to accept and abide by. These pillars include the belief that there is no other God in this world except Allah. Furthermore, a believer has to worship Allah five times a day while facing towards Mecca. A believer even has to share his earnings with others in the form of charity and observe fast during the holy month of Ramadan. Lastly, a believer who has the physical, as well as monetary ability, should visit Mecca as a form of pilgrimage.

Psychoanalytical Concepts of Crisis in Masculinity

Psychoanalytical Concepts of Crisis in Masculinity The late 60s saw a rapidly materialising concern about the status of masculinity. Before the 60s it seemed that the idea of masculinity was safe males could be useful within modern capitalist societies, providing for their families and gaining a sense of satisfaction from their place in society. But society began to change, economically, socially and especially in relation to the position of women. The rise of feminism was changing womens attitudes about the way in which they were (and are) treated. In turn this was starting to affect how men viewed themselves. Carroll (2004) explains how in American society the breadwinner ideal was being eroded with support from professional groups including psychologists and cardiologists working all the hours and a constant striving for material wealth might not be good for you. How, asked men, do we define ourselves now? This essay will examine the crisis in masculinity from the point of view of psychoanalysis through the Oedipal complex and the castration complex and then move onto evidence from social and cultural theories. To examine how masculinity might be in crisis, it is first necessary to examine how psychoanalytical theories posit that boys gain their masculine identity or in other words how they become men. Modern psychoanalytical theory, as did Freud himself, places a great emphasis on the early relationships of the young boy with his parents or caregivers. It is the vicissitudes of these relationships that will have important consequences for development. In Freudian terms, this early relationship is overshadowed by the Oedipal conflict. The mother shows a great interest in the child and the boy realises that his father represents his main rival to this relationship. The boy desires the mother, but the father stands in the way. Attempting to maintain these conflicting influences at some kind of equilibrium is the central drama of development from a psychoanalytical viewpoint. What, then, are the most important processes that occur in early life that influence the construction (or otherwise) of the male identity out of the Oedipal crisis? Greenson (1968) explains that psychoanalytic theory concentrates on the idea of disidentification, this is divided into two processes: firstly a boy must sever the emotional ties he has with the primary caregiver usually the mother and secondly he needs to identify with a male role-model usually the father. The identification with the father should allow the boy to have a way of communicating with the outside world, to tempt the boy away from psychological closeness with the mother and provide the support needed to avoid the boys return to a symbiotic relationship with his mother. The relationship with the mother, then, is seen by Klein (1975) as a delicate balancing act. It provides a prototype for later relationships with women and so needs to be warm and loving, but it is difficult for a man to have relationships with women if he is too close to his mother. Horrocks (1994) argues that, in fact, the male child is surrounded by femininity throughout his early childhood, and it is important for him to break away and discover a world of men for here lie the roots of the male identity. The central paradox, though, is that the man wishes to escape this cocoon of womanhood but there is also the desire to become close to a woman. One danger in this dynamic is that the early influence of the mother is too great and not sufficiently counter-acted by the father this leads to an inability to separate himself from the mother (Horrocks, 1994). The role of the father in the masculine identity is seen as crucial by psychoanalysts. Horrocks (1994) sees the role of fathering as an introduction to manhood, the introduction to a role that has previously been shrouded in mystery. While there are some initiation rights and ceremonies in some cultures, overall, and especially in western societies, it is not particularly strong. There has actually been a disconnect between the son and his father, now the father heads out to work everyday and no longer has a chance to bond with his son. Horrocks (1994) sees one of the most important functions of the father as to show the young boy that it is possible to live with the mother, to have conflict, fear and guilt, but still to live together. It is through the father-son relationship that the boy can learn that it is possible to live a civilised existence without continual recourse to violence and satiation of primitive longings. The damaged modern male, the male in crisis, is seen by Horro cks (1994) as unfathered. Women are viewed as dangerous to have a relationship is to have a battle and the man must draw himself away from women from time to time to maintain his safety. By never really making a strong connection, the modern man in crisis feels damaged and abused and uses the methods of abuse and damage to relate to others because he knows no other way. This analysis of the Oedipal complex and its effects, as well as the possibility of transcendence, actually describes a rather prototypical interaction between the young boy and his caregiver. Blazina (2004) describes how some criticisms and refinements of this model have been made by subsequent theorists. Bergman (1995), for example, has argued that it is not necessarily with the mother the boy should be disidentifying. There are many situations where the father is actually the provider of the most emotional nurturance. In this case it is better to see the individuation as occurring with the primary caregiver rather than the mother. Blazina (2004) also maintains that there should not be such emphasis on the cutting off of the other identity. Where the other identity is feminine, there is now greater acceptability of feminine qualities in men so these can be integrated into male identity without compromising maleness. For the crisis in masculinity, Freuds conception of the castration complex is of great interest. Freud (1925) theorised that the castration complex had the following stages. Firstly a boy guesses from the evidence of his own anatomy that everyone has a penis. Secondly he finds out that women do not have penises and assumes that they have been mutilated in some way. Thirdly when he begins to masturbate, he is told that he will be castrated. Fourthly, finding that the breast has already been removed, summarises that the penis will be next. Finally, the Oedipus complex is destroyed by this threat of castration. According to Horrocks (1994), Freud saw this sequence of events as concrete, whereas many psychoanalysts now see this in more allegorical terms, as mediated by culture and society. Through gender, both men as well as women are denied a whole world of being, the world of the other gender. After the process of partitioning men and women both feel a sense of loss at the things that they will not be able to experience. In men this castration complex expresses itself in a variety of different ways. Men have a desire for love, a fear of their own sexuality, and, in particular, a fear of their own anger. Horrocks (1994) describes how, as a psychotherapist, many men talk about their fear that their anger will be exposed to the world. To stop this, they have to bottle it up and repress the emotion. As a result, in heterosexual men, this is recognised by the women with whom they have relationships and they are rendered impotent and asexual. A man who acts in this way behaves passive aggressive ly he is motivated to manipulate those around him by his anger. This prohibits a direct connection with other people because his relationships are based on manipulation. The result of this is that feelings are kept inside and denied. A similar problem is seen, in Horrocks experience, in macho men. The castration of the macho man leaves him profoundly afraid of expressing his own feelings. This denies him the possibility of acting emotionally in any situation as this will simply reveal his weakness as he sees it. It is the emotional parts of himself that this man hates and wants to hide away the feminine parts of him are an embarrassment. By being cut-off from his own feelings, the psychologically castrated man experiences an emptiness within himself that he attempts to fill with methods that will never work. The emptiness inside is often experienced as a dead feeling, almost of death itself. It is precisely this almost death from which, Horrocks argues, many men in the crisis of masculinity are suffering. Without the connection with his own emotions, or those of anyone else, he is only half a man, not able to experience himself or others properly, safely cocooned within an empty world. Within Freuds writings, woman were theorised to suffer from envy of the male penis, but Freud did not acknowledge the possibility of men being envious of the female breast. The male-centred idea that penis envy is fundamental to psychoanalysis is attacked by the introduction of the idea of breast envy. Klein (1975), for example, has pointed out that both male and female children have very strong feelings towards the breast both are attracted to it and both want to destroy it. Instead of defining both sexes in terms of the penis one having and the other jealous a reciprocal envy provides balance that acknowledges the lacuna in mens lives as well. The breast does, after all provide, not only nourishment, but also love to the child, and so a womans breast is a symbol of these qualities. Horrocks (1994) argues that men have a strong desire to return to the breast, to return to the originator of life and at the same time men attack the breast and want to destroy it. Melanie Klein posited that the idea of womb envy was also an important component in the male psyche. Minsky (1995) describes how the Kleinian viewpoint sees the development of male power as being rooted in the fear of the womb. Like the young boys envy of his mothers breasts, he also becomes envious of her womb and the power it has to create new life. To make up for this envy, men are forced to concentrate their efforts on cultural and creative efforts and to suppress womens forays into the same field. Minsky (1995) explains that it is the phallus that then saves men and provides a distraction from the envy of the womb. Lacan has a different take on the Oedipus complex. He sees the father not as a real father but as a representation or a metaphor for culture (Lacan, 2004). It is through the young boys experience of cultural factors such as language that he is pulled away from the mother. The mother represents desire for Lacan and so culture, through the representation of the father, pulls the boy from what he desires. This cutting off is like a castration and the child then attempts to substitute this with a search for truth (Minsky, 1995). Many of these psychoanalytical ideas about the roots of a crisis in masculinity are analysed in social theories in terms of a conflict in gender roles. ONeil, Helms, Gable, David, Wrightsman (1986) have defined gender role conflict as where socialised gender roles have an adverse psychological effect which causes a restrictive effect on the self through barriers created around personal creativities and freedom. ONeil et al. (1986) identify four different types of role conflict. There is a restriction in the range of internal emotionality; similarly, there is a restriction in the types of emotional behaviour that are possible towards other men this results in an inability to communicate feelings. Personal achievement and constant comparison to what others have creates a constant sense of fear and worry. There is a conflict between the requirements of work and those of the family which results in stress and health problems, and a simple lack of time to relax. Evidence to support these ideas of role conflicts has come, for example, from Sharpe Heppner (1991) who found a connection between role conflict and problems with intimate relationships. Watts Borders (2005) point out, though, that many of these studies have not been carried out in younger, adolescent boys. In rectifying this hole in the research, Watts Borders (2005) investigated role conflict in adolescent boys. Their findings were in line with the theories put forward by ONeil et al. (1986). The boys in their study said they found there was a societal pressure to restrict their emotionality, both internally and between themselves and other boys. Further they theorised that many of the boys had only been exposed to a very limited range of emotions from male role models indeed many denied experiencing any emotions other than anger. Cultural theories, which intersect with Lacans ideas, are also important in how the crisis in masculinity has been studied. Whitehead (2002) considers arguments that have been played out in the public domain. Firstly he considers the publication of Stiffed: The Betrayal of Modern Man (Faludi, 2000). The thesis of this book is that it is now the male who finds himself objectified and the subject of much sexist consumer culture. In addition the mans secure attachments and relationships with the world of work are no longer as strong and exclusive as they once were. Men seem also, in Faludis view, to be failing to fight back against the new culture, failing to take on this creeping emasculation. Now that feminism has attacked the patriarchal systems of power and control, masculinity has been left undermined and unsure. The rise of feminism has surely encouraged many men to question how they view women and then apparently left them confused. Faludi (2000) places the blame for this crisis in masculinity at the door of culture and encourages them to work together to combat it. While the argument has some elements of truth, quite how men and women are supposed to step outside of culture is not clear. Without men and women, there is no culture people are intimately bound up with it and part of it. The second set of arguments centre around research carried out by Professor Richard Scase as part of the European Commissions Futures Programme (Scase, 1999). This research found that many women are choosing to live alone as their opportunities in the workplace increase and especially as the roles they can adopt widen. It is hypothesised that this is having a knock-on effect on men who find it difficult to cope with this new situation. Evidence for this is in the rising rates of suicide between 1991 and 1997 they have increased by 60%. Social research finds that men are choosing to remain living at home rather than move out on their own (Office of National Statistics, 2000). Whitehead (2002) sees this as evidence that men are failing to cope with the new challenges they are facing. Further cultural and social evidence that men are in crisis is provided by Beynon (2001). Relying heavily on role theory, Beynon (2001) points to the changes in work patterns particularly the fact that less than half the men over 55 are in work. There is also a sense in which these men are caught between attempting to maintain the old-style macho posturing and the new-man type behaviour requiring a man to be in touch with his feelings. Beynon (2001) claims that generally men are less likely to tackle any psychological or physical illness which faces them. In marital breakdown, Beynon (2002) argues, the man is normally most responsible, with women starting 75% of divorces. Similarly nine out of ten men move out of the marital home after the breakdown of a marriage. This reason, however, is probably more of an artefact of the legal system and simple practicality than an indictment on men. Apart from anything else, men generally die younger and are much more likely to suffer from heart disease. The worrying facts and figures continue through both crime and education and other major areas of life. Violent crimes are mostly committed by men, indeed it is men who are mostly the victims of violent crime, and so it is violence that is seen as an important component of masculinity. Whitehead (2002) sees this violence discourse as having a powerful effect on peoples attitudes to men. Men are seen as being unable to cope with the demands of modern life, especially those men on the social and economic fringes, and so the resort to violence is only natural. Within education, in the schools, male performance is significantly lower then female. Despite much theoretical attention as well as some evidence from research on role theories and other areas, there has been a fair degree of criticism of the idea of a crisis in masculinity. Writers have asked whether the crisis of gender is anything new. Mangan (1997) (as cited in Whitehead, 2002) argues that masculinity, like femininity is constantly in crisis, constantly changing and adapting to new circumstances. Indeed, some of the fundamental ideas from psychoanalysis support the idea that masculinity is always a matter of crisis men will always have to cope with breast envy, womb envy and a castration complex. This question aside though, some commentators have asked if there is really anything to explain at all with the rise of feminism, men have suffered a loss of power relative to women and are trying to cope with that loss, some less successfully than others. Whitehead (2002) suggests that the crisis in masculinity is, in reality, an illusion confined to academic journals and has no meaning for people in the real world. Heartfield (2002), in arguing against a crisis of masculinity, talks of the fetishising of sexual difference, an exaggeration of the differences between men and women. Heartfield (2002) suggests that it is instead the working classes that are in crisis, not men in general. These ideas are far removed from those that come from psychoanalysis where many of the roots of future struggle are born in that difference. In conclusion, psychoanalytical ideas about the crisis in masculinity are grounded in the biological differences between the sexes and how these are dealt with psychologically. Other psychoanalysts and Lacanian ideas have taken these literal conflicts and, to some extent, moved them away from a focus on biological difference and introduced more cultural and social ideas. Social and cultural theories provide a wide variety of, and some reasons for, a possible crisis in masculinity. In particular, the use of role theory has provided an important analysis. Despite using the language of role conflict, the male preoccupations and problems described by role theory have many things in common with those arrived at by psychoanalytical means. Nevertheless, many authors have questioned whether this crisis in masculinity really exists and whether it is anything new. References Bergman, S.J. (1995) Mens psychological development: A relational perspective In R.F. Levant W.S Pollack (Eds.), A new psychology of men (pp. 33-67). New York: Basic Books. Beynon, J. (2001) Masculinities and culture. Buckingham: Open University Blazina, C. (2004) Gender Role Conflict and the Disidentification Process: Two Case Studies on Fragile Masculine Self. The Journal of Mens Studies, 12, 2, 151-161. Carroll, B. E. (2004) American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Faludi, S. (2000) Stiffed: the betrayal of the modern man. London: Vintage Freud, S. (1925) Psychical consequences anatomical distinction between the sexes, SE, 19, 248-258. Greenson, R. (1968). Disidentifying from mother: Its special importance for the boy. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 49, 370-374. Heartfield, J. (2002) There is No Masculinity Crisis, Genders 35. Retrieved 5 January 2006 from http://www.genders.org/g35/g35_heartfield.html Horrocks, R. (1994) Masculinity in Crisis. New York: St. Martins Press. Klein, M. (1930) The psychotherapy of the psychoses. British Journal of Medicine and Psychology, 10, 242-4. Klein, M. (1975) Love, Guilt, and Reparation and Other Works. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis Lacan, J. (2004) Ecrits: A Selection. New York: W. W. Norton Co Ltd. Mangan, J. A. (1997) Shakespeares First Action Heroes: critical masculinities in culture both popular and unpopular, unpublished paper. Minsky, R. (1995) Psychoanalysis and Gender: An Introductory Reader (Critical Readers in Theory Practice). Oxford: Routledge. ONeil, J. M., Helms, B. J., Gable, R. K., David, L., Wrightsman, L. S. (1986). Gender role conflict scale: College mens fear of femininity. Sex Roles, 14, 335-350. Office of National Statistics (2000) Social Trends 30. London: The Stationery Office. Scase, R. (1999) Demographic and Social Trends Issue Paper: Mosaic Living. EUR 18967 EN, Brussels: European Commission. Sharpe, M. J., Heppner, P. P. (1991). Gender role, gender-role conflict, and psychological well-being in men. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 38, 323-330. Watts, R. H., Borders, L. D. (2005) Boys Perceptions of the Male Role: Understanding Gender Role Conflict in Adolescent Males. Journal of Mens Studies, 13,2 267-280 Whitehead, S. (2002) Men and masculinities: key themes and new directions. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart - Womens Role in the Ibo Society Ess

Women's Role in the Ibo Society In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, women of the Ibo tribe are terribly mistreated, and viewed as weak and receive little or no respect outside of their role as a mother. Tradition dictates their role in life. These women are courageous and obedient. These women are nurturers above all and they are everything but weak.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A main character in the novel, Okonkwo has several wives. He orders them around like dogs. They are never to question what they are instructed to do; they are expected to be obedient. We see this early in the story, when Okonkwo brings Ikemefuna into his home. Okonkwo tells his senior wife that Ikemefuna belongs to the tribe and that she is expected to look after him. She in turn asks him if he will be staying with them for a long period of time. This sends Okonkwo into a fury. He snaps at her in a very degrading manner, "Do what you are told woman. When did you become one of the ndichie (meaning elders) of Umuofia?"(pg.12) Clearly she receives no respect. Later in the story we see this woman try to comfort Ikemefuna. She "mothers" him as if he is one of her own children. She tries to put him at ease and can almost instinctively feel how much he misses his own mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In keeping with the Ibo view of female nature, the tribe allows wife beating. Okonkwo beats his youngest wife one-day because she was visiting with a friend and did not get home in time to prepare a meal for him. Another one of his wives tries to cover for her, when she is questioned as to whether or not the youngest wife has fed the children, before she left. Certainly she does this in effort to protect the youngest wife, knowing full well what she WOULD ... ...is sweet. But when there is sorrow and bitterness he finds refuge in his motherland. Your mother is there to protect you. And that is why we say that Mother is Supreme"(pg.116).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The only glory and satisfaction enjoyed by the women portrayed in Things Fall Apart was being a mother. They receive respect and love from their children. They are strong for their children. The women are viewed as very gentle and caring. They are expected to take care of their children with the best of their ability and are trusted totally by their children. This honorable presentation of women is used by Achebe to identify women's role in the Ibo society. This presentation is necessary to show that women indeed play an important role in society. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York, New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1994.

Infrastructure and Housing in Malaysia

The original purpose of holding architecture is due to the demand of human existences. During ancient clip, worlds were brooding in caves. However, people need nutrient to last. Peoples need to travel out to run therefore a impermanent shelter for runing and assemblage is needed to against Sun or rain. This is the starting of something coming architecture. Along with the betterments and alterations of demands of homo for life, the development of architectures began. Alternatively of hunting, people started to settle down to the concern of agribusiness. Here come to the emerged of lasting colonies. Slowly, the maps of architectures increase together with the addition of demands of human existences ( Gascoigne, 2001 ) . However, human existences are largely ocular animals ( Mary Rottman, 2013 ) . They like to fancify all the things that they can. Hence, different period clip of manners appear bit by bit. This influences the visual aspect of architecture every bit good as the houses at the same clip. There is no exclusion for the development of architectures of Malaysia. Harmonizing to The Encyclopedia of Malaysia by Chen Voon Fee, the mundane homes of the local people can be referred by slang houses which ‘vernacular’ means ‘domestic’ or ‘indigenous’ . Therefore, the local houses’ manners, how the houses are built and the type of stuffs that were used are chiefly focused by this type of architecture. The places of the Orang Asli—the foremost autochthonal people of Peninsula every bit good as Sabah and Sarawak’s autochthonal group and the Malayans who are classified as the Austronesian group of people are included in Malaysia. Post-and-beam constructions which are raised on piles, with gabled roofs are the basic of Malaysia’s common houses. The Encyclopedia of Malaysia farther elaborates the undermentioned traditions: A extremely delicate architecture was developed by the Malays for their houses in 1511 which was the period that Melaka being conquered by the Portuguese which reflecting contemporary rules of standardisation, prefabrication, site assembly and enlargement. Timber and other jungle green goodss are the edifice stuff and pitched roofs, post-and-beam building are its characteristic. The houses were highly suited to the tropical region’s climes which are hot and wet. The residents were all afforded with cosy airing and filtered visible radiation though the different lines on the E and west seashores of the Peninsula influenced the development of the roof signifiers. Palaces and mosque, longhouses and homes were applied with the same building techniques and stuffs in order by the Malays, the autochthonal peoples of Sabah and Sarawak and the immigrant people at the minute. The Portuguese and the Dutch introduced unknown edifice types such as garrisons and churches, and accomplishments every bit good as altered in the graduated table of edifices and the stuffs that were used. Furthermore, to set up streets and allocate quarters of the town to different communities, town planning was used. However, their different architectural manners had no digesting influence although they had occupied Melaka for over 300 old ages. The Straits Settlements of Penang, Melaka and Singapore were set up via the British which led by the understanding between the Dutch and the British in 1826. Malaysia had a great transmutation hundred old ages subsequently. The manner for modern and urban substructure was paved by the creative activity of colonial business and commercial involvements in the town such as Melaka, Georgetown in Penang and Kuching in Sarawak. Tin excavation so changed in graduated table and moved upstream and inland which ab initio a bungalow industry along the bayou of the West seashore. Peninsular west coast’s was efficaciously opened up followed by the large-scale planning of gum elastic which to the initiation of tin-mining Centres, Chinese and Indian colonists, to work the mines and plantations was brought in which makes their typical edifices enrich their new fatherland in the early 1900s. The substructure of roads, railroads and ports was financed from the net incomes of the creative activity of universe markets for Malaysia’s Sn and rubber along with the rise of Western industrialisation. The hard-on of enforcing administrative and commercial edifices were enabled by prosperity and assurance chiefly in the Western Neoclassical manner and of other edifices which in a mixture of European manners. From 1896, the imported Mogul manner which was retroflex all over the state particularly mosque was enjoyed a short but permanent period by Kuala Lumpur which is the capital of the Federated Malay States from 1896. The chilly avenues of Penang, Ipoh, Melaka and Kuala Lumpur were lined by Sn and rubber wealth with broad Villas. The colonial influence in the northern and eastern parts of the Malays Peninsula was minimum. Therefore, the royal capitals of Alor Setar, Kota Bharu, Kuala Terengganu and Arau were the development of Malay urban Centres from bunchs of campongs gr ouped around the ruler’s castles and the chief mosques. Malaysia’s architecture embodied the taking tendencies from the West in the period between the two universe wars. The passage from the traditional slang was marked by Art Deco while early Modernism and the International Style were transited from Western Neoclassical manners. A batch of professionally qualified designers, largely expatriate, designed most of the edifices at the minute. Building programs within town bounds were so required to breast by the debut of constructing by-laws to ‘qualified persons’ . Along with the Merdeka, or Independence, in 1957, Malaysia has the greatest architectural transmutation. The new nation’s capital, Kuala Lumpur, was so transformed from a colonial town. New and make bolding signifiers expressed the chesty symbol of nationhood which largely the work of abroad trained Malaysians. The first arose skyscraper was enabled with the changed of the graduated table of commercial edifices by advanced building accomplishments and industrialised constituents. The appeared of shopping arcades and mega promenades replaced the store houses and emerged of multifunction composites was made manner by townhouses. Then, suburban Centres and townships were created by the replacing of cottages and flats to condominiums with centralised installations and large-scale lodging estates of insistent single- and double-storey nexus houses. The consequences which are non ever compatible shows that vie with the International Style was formed by autochthonal cultural which showed a Malayan architectural individuality in the on-going hunt. Owing to the penchant of anon. , the Sun shadowing installations of the early skyscrapers had replaced by all-enveloping tinted and heat-resisting glass. Tropical elements such as elevated planting and new showing devices are introduced merely one time in a piece. The consciousness of the demand to continue prewar edifices was being enhanced which coincided with the lag in the belongings market which because of the inordinate edifice of the 1980s and so, the country’s foremost non-governmental organisation for heritage saving was born. On the contrary, the gait of edifice was boosted with the ageless economic growing in the 1990s for about a decennary and a figure of mega undertakings was develop finally. The mega undertakings include: one of the world’s tallest office towers, the Petronas Twin Towers ; a state-of-the-art airdrome, the Kuala Lumpur International Airport which was located in a semisynthetic wood ; a design which placed Malaysia at the front line of bit and fibre optics engineering, the Multimedia Super Corridor ; and last but non least, the country’s 21stcentury place of authorities, the Putrajaya. Enormous challenges were faced by Malayan architecture in a technological universe at the get downing point of the new millenary. To hold a better quality of life in the 21stcentury, it is pressing to continue Malaysia’s early edifices and depict from them valuable lessons on graduated table to better the Malayan live and work which more environmentally antiphonal solutions will be demanded by greater urbanisation.

The Life Of Michael C. Carlos Museum - 1373 Words

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